The game of Candlepins was founded in 1880 by Justin P. White in Worcester Massachusetts as an alternative to Ten Pins, which he felt was too easy of a game. Where scores of 300 (a perfect game) was attainable in Ten Pins, since 1880 no one has rolled a 300 game in Candlepins. The pins were made of wood and varied in size since the pins need constant sanding on their ends to remain upright. These are the 10-inch broomsticks that Justin P. White found when he purchased the alleys at 37 Pearl Street in Worcester Massachusetts in 1879. Together with a 3-inch ball, this must have been quite a challenge. It is little wonder that this experiment in bowling was short-lived. However, this discarded equipment germinated the idea of the candlepin in J. P. White's mind.
    In 1894, Justin P. White invented the Candlepin that would be used for the next 100 years. Several different pins were tried after 1894. The "Worcester" pin would generally be used in that region, in the seaboard area, the "Boston" pin would be used. Most houses used whatever pin suited their clients tastes.
    The lanes of that period varied in length from 30 to 60 feet as did the balls. In 1893, Jack Monsey devised the rules and regulations for Candlepin bowling and he standardized the equipment used to play the game.

LANES - 60 feet long from the foul line to the head pin and 42 inches wide.
BALLS - 4 ½ inches in diameter
PINS - Distance between the pin spots to 12 inches
WOOD - Always in play. (Until now the player could opt to either use the wood or have it removed.

For the next 23 years, Jack Monsey, almost single-handedly, through promotion and crusading, established what would be called the Hey-Days of Candlepin bowling. The picture on the right, taken around 1906, shows many things. Note the way the seating was done. All the spectators are in their Sunday best and there are no women in the crowd. Along the center, is a curtain that was rolled down when the women bowled to "screen them from curious eyes." The alleys were made of a darker wood at that time, and the lighting was very poor.
    Until the advent of the automatic pin-setter in 1947, Candlepin bowling was dependent upon pin-boys to reset the pins and return the balls to the bowlers. I have found out, that an amusement park two miles from our house was the location of the first automatic pin-setter in the country, for ANY form of bowling. This was in Whalom Park in Lunenburg Massachusetts, and there were 4 of these machines installed in 1949. The pin-setters were made by two Massachusetts residents, Howard M. Dowd and R. Lionel Barrow. With the success of the pin-setter they founded the Bowl-Mor Corporation. Unfortunately these lanes no longer exist and the machines have been sold to other houses. Since the pin-setters are expensive and Candlepin bowling is not popular outside of Massachusetts and northern New England, most Candlepin pin-setters are older refurbished machines. Some of them have been around for 20-40 years!

• Inventor of the first Candlepin automatic pin-setter

• Former president of the National Bowling Council and Massachusetts Bowling Association

• Originator of the game

• Former president of the World Candlepin Bowling Council Inc., and the Massachusetts Bowling Association